Zirkonio
40
Zr
Grupo
4
Perio
5
Bloko
d
Protonoj
Elektronoj
Neŭtronoj
40
40
51
Ĝeneralaj Propraĵoj
Atoma Nombro
40
Atommaso
91,224
Amasa Nombro
91
Kategorio
Transirmetaloj
Koloro
Arĝento
Radioaktiva
Ne
From the Persian zargun, gold like
Kristala Strukturo
Simpla Sesangula
Historio
Zirconium was first recognized as an element by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789, in Berlin, in a sample of zircon from Sri Lanka.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Elektronoj per ŝelo
2, 8, 18, 10, 2
Elektrona Agordo
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
The most common oxide is zirconium dioxide, also referred to as zirconia
Fizikaj Propraĵoj
Fazo
Solido
Denso
6,506 g/cm3
Fandpunkto
2128,15 K | 1855 °C | 3371 °F
Bolpunkto
4682,15 K | 4409 °C | 7968,2 °F
Varmo de Fuzio
21 kJ/mol
Varmo de Vaporiĝo
580 kJ/mol
Specifa Varmo Kapacito
0,278 J/g·K
Krusta Abundo
0,013%
Universa Abundo
5×10-6%
Bildaj kreditoj: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Two samples of crystal bar showing different surface textures as well as a highly pure zirconium cube for comparison
CAS Nombro
7440-67-7
PubChem Kunmetita Identiga Nombro
23995
Atomaj Propraĵoj
Atoma Radiuso
160 pm
Kovalenta Radiuso
175 pm
Elektronegativeco
1,33 (Pauling-skalo)
Potencialo de jonigo
6,6339 eV
Atoma Volumo
14,0 cm3/mol
Termika Kondukto
0,227 W/cm·K
Oksidaj Ŝtatoj
1, 2, 3, 4
Aplikoj
Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although it is used in small amounts as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is considered to be non-toxic
Izotopoj
Stabilaj Izotopoj
90Zr, 91Zr, 92Zr, 94ZrMalstabilaj Isotopoj
78Zr, 79Zr, 80Zr, 81Zr, 82Zr, 83Zr, 84Zr, 85Zr, 86Zr, 87Zr, 88Zr, 89Zr, 93Zr, 95Zr, 96Zr, 97Zr, 98Zr, 99Zr, 100Zr, 101Zr, 102Zr, 103Zr, 104Zr, 105Zr, 106Zr, 107Zr, 108Zr, 109Zr, 110Zr