Rutenio
44
Ru
Grupo
8
Perio
5
Bloko
d
Protonoj
Elektronoj
Neŭtronoj
44
44
57
Ĝeneralaj Propraĵoj
Atoma Nombro
44
Atommaso
101,07
Amasa Nombro
101
Kategorio
Transirmetaloj
Koloro
Arĝento
Radioaktiva
Ne
From the Latin word Ruthenia, Russia
Kristala Strukturo
Simpla Sesangula
Historio
Jędrzej Śniadecki isolated the element in 1807, but his work was not ratified.
Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827.
In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.
Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827.
In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.
Elektronoj per ŝelo
2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Elektrona Agordo
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Ruthenium is unaffected by air, water and acids
Fizikaj Propraĵoj
Fazo
Solido
Denso
12,37 g/cm3
Fandpunkto
2607,15 K | 2334 °C | 4233,2 °F
Bolpunkto
4423,15 K | 4150 °C | 7502 °F
Varmo de Fuzio
25,7 kJ/mol
Varmo de Vaporiĝo
580 kJ/mol
Specifa Varmo Kapacito
0,238 J/g·K
Krusta Abundo
9,9×10-8%
Universa Abundo
4×10-7%
CAS Nombro
7440-18-8
PubChem Kunmetita Identiga Nombro
23950
Atomaj Propraĵoj
Atoma Radiuso
134 pm
Kovalenta Radiuso
146 pm
Elektronegativeco
2,2 (Pauling-skalo)
Potencialo de jonigo
7,3605 eV
Atoma Volumo
8,3 cm3/mol
Termika Kondukto
1,17 W/cm·K
Oksidaj Ŝtatoj
-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Aplikoj
Ruthenium is used in platinum and palladium alloys to make wear-resistant electrical contacts.
Ruthenium dioxide and lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium.
Ruthenium is a versatile catalyst.
Ruthenium dioxide and lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium.
Ruthenium is a versatile catalyst.
Ruthenium is a suspected carcinogen and its compounds strongly stain the skin
Izotopoj
Stabilaj Izotopoj
96Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru, 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 104RuMalstabilaj Isotopoj
87Ru, 88Ru, 89Ru, 90Ru, 91Ru, 92Ru, 93Ru, 94Ru, 95Ru, 97Ru, 103Ru, 105Ru, 106Ru, 107Ru, 108Ru, 109Ru, 110Ru, 111Ru, 112Ru, 113Ru, 114Ru, 115Ru, 116Ru, 117Ru, 118Ru, 119Ru, 120Ru