Karbono
6
C
Grupo
14
Perio
2
Bloko
p
Protonoj
Elektronoj
Neŭtronoj
6
6
6
Ĝeneralaj Propraĵoj
Atoma Nombro
6
Atommaso
12,0107
Amasa Nombro
12
Kategorio
Nemetaloj
Koloro
Nigra
Radioaktiva
Ne
De la Latina vorto carbo, lignokarbo
Kristala Strukturo
Simpla Sesangula
Historio
Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
Elektronoj per ŝelo
2, 4
Elektrona Agordo
[He] 2s2 2p2
About 20% of the weight of living organisms is carbon
Fizikaj Propraĵoj
Fazo
Solido
Denso
2,267 g/cm3
Fandpunkto
3948,15 K | 3675 °C | 6647 °F
Bolpunkto
4300,15 K | 4027 °C | 7280,6 °F
Varmo de Fuzio
105 kJ/mol
Varmo de Vaporiĝo
715 kJ/mol
Specifa Varmo Kapacito
0,709 J/g·K
Krusta Abundo
0,18%
Universa Abundo
0,5%
CAS Nombro
7440-44-0
PubChem Kunmetita Identiga Nombro
5462310
Atomaj Propraĵoj
Atoma Radiuso
67 pm
Kovalenta Radiuso
77 pm
Elektronegativeco
2,55 (Pauling-skalo)
Potencialo de jonigo
11,2603 eV
Atoma Volumo
5,31 cm3/mol
Termika Kondukto
1,29 W/cm·K
Oksidaj Ŝtatoj
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Aplikoj
The major use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Pure carbon has extremely low toxicity to humans and can be handled safely in the form of graphite or charcoal
Izotopoj
Stabilaj Izotopoj
12C, 13CMalstabilaj Isotopoj
8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C