Torio
90
Th
Grupo
Neniu
Perio
7
Bloko
f
Protonoj
Elektronoj
Neŭtronoj
90
90
142
Ĝeneralaj Propraĵoj
Atoma Nombro
90
Atommaso
232,03806
Amasa Nombro
232
Kategorio
Aktinoidoj
Koloro
Arĝento
Radioaktiva
Jes
Named after Thor, Scandinavian god of war
Kristala Strukturo
Vizaĝo Centrita Kubo
Historio
Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1828, in Stockholm, Sweden.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Elektronoj per ŝelo
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Elektrona Agordo
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Thorium fuel research is continuing in several countries including the USA and India
Fizikaj Propraĵoj
Fazo
Solido
Denso
11,7 g/cm3
Fandpunkto
2115,15 K | 1842 °C | 3347,6 °F
Bolpunkto
5061,15 K | 4788 °C | 8650,4 °F
Varmo de Fuzio
16 kJ/mol
Varmo de Vaporiĝo
530 kJ/mol
Specifa Varmo Kapacito
0,113 J/g·K
Krusta Abundo
0,0006%
Universa Abundo
4×10-8%
Bildaj kreditoj: Wikimedia Commons (NASA/ESA/JHU/R.Sankrit & W.Blair)
The Earth's thorium originated in the death throes of ancient stars
CAS Nombro
7440-29-1
PubChem Kunmetita Identiga Nombro
23960
Atomaj Propraĵoj
Atoma Radiuso
179 pm
Kovalenta Radiuso
206 pm
Elektronegativeco
1,3 (Pauling-skalo)
Potencialo de jonigo
6,3067 eV
Atoma Volumo
19,9 cm3/mol
Termika Kondukto
0,54 W/cm·K
Oksidaj Ŝtatoj
2, 3, 4
Aplikoj
Thorium is used to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
Thorium is highly radioactive
Izotopoj
Stabilaj Izotopoj
232ThMalstabilaj Isotopoj
209Th, 210Th, 211Th, 212Th, 213Th, 214Th, 215Th, 216Th, 217Th, 218Th, 219Th, 220Th, 221Th, 222Th, 223Th, 224Th, 225Th, 226Th, 227Th, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 231Th, 233Th, 234Th, 235Th, 236Th, 237Th, 238Th