Galiumo
31
Ga
Grupo
13
Perio
4
Bloko
p
Protonoj
Elektronoj
Neŭtronoj
31
31
39
Ĝeneralaj Propraĵoj
Atoma Nombro
31
Atommaso
69,723
Amasa Nombro
70
Kategorio
Posttransiraj metaloj
Koloro
Arĝento
Radioaktiva
Ne
From the Latin word Gallia, France; also from Latin, gallus, a translation of Lecoq, a cock
Kristala Strukturo
Bazo Centrita Ortorombo
Historio
In 1871, existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and called the element eka-aluminum.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Elektronoj per ŝelo
2, 8, 18, 3
Elektrona Agordo
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point / freezing point
Fizikaj Propraĵoj
Fazo
Solido
Denso
5,907 g/cm3
Fandpunkto
302,91 K | 29,76 °C | 85,57 °F
Bolpunkto
2477,15 K | 2204 °C | 3999,2 °F
Varmo de Fuzio
5,59 kJ/mol
Varmo de Vaporiĝo
256 kJ/mol
Specifa Varmo Kapacito
0,371 J/g·K
Krusta Abundo
0,0019%
Universa Abundo
1×10-6%
CAS Nombro
7440-55-3
PubChem Kunmetita Identiga Nombro
5360835
Atomaj Propraĵoj
Atoma Radiuso
135 pm
Kovalenta Radiuso
122 pm
Elektronegativeco
1,81 (Pauling-skalo)
Potencialo de jonigo
5,9993 eV
Atoma Volumo
11,8 cm3/mol
Termika Kondukto
0,406 W/cm·K
Oksidaj Ŝtatoj
1, 2, 3
Aplikoj
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
Gallium is considered to be non-toxic
Izotopoj
Stabilaj Izotopoj
69Ga, 71GaMalstabilaj Isotopoj
56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 70Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga